Excerpt from the book of German submarine officer Herbert Werner, Iron Coffins: A personal account of the German U-boat battles of World War II. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 1998 (original print by Holt, Rinehart and Winston,1969).
Evacuees and the causes for German naval attacks on civilian ships during World War II
Iron Coffins: A personal account of the German U-boat battles of World War II